Which disorder is characterized by predictable, rule-based errors in speech?

The disorder characterized by predictable, rule-based errors in speech is indeed a phonological disorder. This type of disorder typically involves sound patterns and rules that govern how sounds are organized and used in spoken language. Individuals with a phonological disorder may demonstrate systematic patterns of speech sound errors, such as consistently substituting one sound for another or omitting certain sounds in specific contexts. These patterns reflect a violation of the phonological rules of their language, making the errors predictable and systematic.

In contrast, while a speech sound disorder encompasses a broader range of speech sound issues, including both phonological and articulation problems, it does not specifically focus on the rule-based nature of the errors. An articulation disorder mainly pertains to difficulties in the physical production of speech sounds rather than errors that can be predicted by phonological rules. Social communication disorder is related to difficulties in using language in social contexts and does not directly address speech sound errors.